Bioterrorism is an international threat that must be anticipated by every country, including Indonesia. Bioterrorism undermines state governance and administration, causing tragic loss of life, food shortages, environmental disasters, and devastating economic losses. Although Indonesia is not considered as a major target country and is not currently considered to have occurred in Indonesia, we need to anticipate bioterrorism. Using a qualitative approach, this study aims to develop a mitigation plan in tackling bioterrorism threat in Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and literature searches in the form of articles, documents, and policies with the keywords "bioterrorism"; "public health"; "health security"; "national security", and "risk mitigation"; as well as by analyzing other countries' experiences. The CDC has issued mitigation guidance for frontline responders to bioterrorism. The framework integrates realistic terrorism emergency response consistent with resources, capabilities, and needs, to consequence management in handling bioterrorism threats. The combination of the CDC mitigation framework with the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) as a tool developed by WHO will improve Indonesia's preparedness and response opportunities in critical public health emergencies. The mitigation plan as recommended by this study is expected to develop the capacity to prevent, detect, and rapidly respond to any health threats, including those due to bioterrorism. Indonesia's health resilience policy also needs to be made more targeted to detect and anticipate bioterrorism that has an impact on Indonesia's national resilience in the future.