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Spatial and Temporal pattern of CO emission around Palabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi, West Java
Last modified: 2022-12-01
Abstract
The emission of carbon monoxide (CO) as part of air pollution from coal-fired power stations is a recent concern. With an increase in the use of energy for power generation, the concentration of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere could rise, posing health risks to humans. The spatial and temporal analysis of pollutants from power plants is insufficient, notably in Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi; therefore, the spatial and temporal distributions of CO is necessary to be studied in this region. A field survey is undertaken to determine the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) at predetermined places, and then a satellite picture (Sentinel 5P) is used to mimic the one-year temporal distribution of this gas. Palabuhanratu is surrounded by mountains and coastlines, hence the concentration of carbon monoxide in the populated area is high. The distributions of CO exhibit distinct levels for the morning, afternoon, and evening, illustrating the varying amounts of gas emitted daily from power plants and other sources. To confirm the theory, the relationship between CO and distance and altitude is examined for various land uses and times of day. The result illustrates the significance of altitude and CO value, which are both zero at low altitude and sufficient at high altitude, as indicated by hourly data where the landuse is merely residential without other data pollutants such as traffic or industry. In addition, the temporal distribution of CO over the course of a year reveals fluctuations in emission due to the power plant activities such as maintenance, overhaul, and holidays.