Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that needs to be treated in the long term. One of the therapeutic efficacy factors in tuberculosis treatment is medication adherence by patients. Noncompliance to treatment leads to not achievement in treatment goal, increase the risk of resistance, mortality, and morbidity. This study aimed to analyz factors which influence the pulmonary tuberculosis patient’s non adherence on taking anti-tuberculosis medicines in Center for Community Lung Health (BBKPM) Surakarta, Indonesia.

Methods: The research was an analytical research with the cross-sectional approach. The study samples were 80 respondens. The inclusion criteria were patients who diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosisini BBKPM Surakarta, aged of >17 years old, patients received Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs for at least 2 months. This study used a questionnaire that has been validated. Data were analyzed by bivariate analysis (chi square or fisher) and continued by multivariate analysis.

Results: Of 80 respondents, there were 30 respondents (37.5%) who were non-adherence on taking Tuberculosis (TB) drugs. The factors influenced with non-adherence in taking anti-tuberculosis drugs were beliefs about medicine of the harm subscale (p = 0,000; OR = 8,167), drug side effects (p = 0.022; OR = 4,222), and beliefs about medicine of overuse subscale (p = 0.038; OR = 3.504).

Conclusion: the wrong believes of patients and side effect influence of patients’ adherence on taking TB medicines. Counseling and education are needed to improve patients believe and manage the side effect of medicines.