Since 2014, the Indonesian administration has implemented some peace policies to resolve the conflict of Papua. Those are included releasing five political prisoners, granting access to foreign journalists, increasing infrastructure development, and appointing the Person In Charge (PIC) of sectoral dialogues. However, on the other hand, political violence against Papuan native is still continuously ongoing in a number of places in this region, such as the 2014 Paniai incident, the 2017 Deyai shooting, the 2017 Mimika hostage taking. In addition, at the end of 2018 a group of Papua Liberation Army killed several trans-Papua road workers in Nduga. This incident makes the Indonesian National Army launches a military operation with the pretext of destroying the armed secessionist movement.  Tracing in detail, several violent conflict that go hand in hand with economic development in the present day Papua is a continuation of previous secessionist conflict. Such the sustainable conflict has been investigated by scholars including from Anthropological perspectives. However, the results of these studies have not yet fully become references to the national government’s peacebuilding.  This article, therefore, aims to review the results of research on Papua conflict and to search a gap of knowledge between scholars on Papuan studies and state policymakers. This article argues that several political violence occurring in Papua roots in the narrative version of Indonesian government that they are obliged to civilize Papuan native to be modernized as other Indonesian ethnicities. Meanwhile, many studies on Papuan describe the importance of protection and preservation Papuan culture, as well as dialogue and reconciliation between Papua and Jakarta. By identifying the discursive formation, we can find out the rationality why the peacebuilding in Papua often not succed.