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Parental Beliefs and Children's Metacognitive Awareness
Last modified: 2018-08-11
Abstract
Background. Metacognition is important in the human thinking process. Research on metacognition has gained a lot of attention since the 1970s. Metacognition is a person's knowledge of his thinking process or something related to his thinking process (Flavell, 1979). Metacognitive skills begin with metacognitive awareness. Children who have metacognitive awareness will have better self-management, time management and activity than children who do not have metacognitive awareness (Brown, 1978; Schraw & Dennison, 1994; Garner & Alexander, 1989; Mohtari et al, 2002; Sperling et al, 2002) .One of the reason is explanation is the metacognitive awareness enables individuals to plan, create a sequence and monitor their learning process, which in turn can improve children performance (Schraw & Dennison, 1994).
Cognitive development of children is influenced by their environment, especially values, culture and namely family according to Vygotsky (Fox & Riconscente, 2008) and Bronfrenbrenner (Miller, 2011). Parents are infuenced by the values in their social and culture environment. Parents are one of the factors that influence children's cognitive development in the form of their beliefs and childcare practices. Research into the influence of parental beliefs on children's academic abilities has been widely investigated and has shown positive results (Kim et al., 2017; Aunola et al., 2002; Miller et al. 1991). Much research has been carried out on the importance of children's metacognitive skills (Brown, 1978; Schraw & Dennison, 1994; Garner & Alexander, 1989; Mohtari et al, 2002; Sperling et al, 2002).
This study aims to find the relationship and influence of parents 'beliefs in 3 dimensions, namely child rearing that focuses on autonomy, parents' conception of intelligence, and educational goals (Okagaki & Strenberg, 1993) on children's metacognitive awareness (Sperling, Howard, Miller, & Murphy, 2002). The results of the study are expected to be used to develop learning and care programs that support the improvement of children's metacognitive awareness.
Methods. This research is exploratory with the type of research is non-experimental quantitative with the method of data collection through self-report with a questionnaire. Data were obtained from grade 4 elementary school students (N = 60) and parents of students (N = 60) from private elementary schools with the status of respondents coming from communities with middle to upper economic status. Junior Metacognition Awareness Inventory / Jr.MAI (Sperling et al, 2002) Appendix A for grade 3, 4 and 5 students and consists of 12 items with 3 answer choices (never, sometimes, always) used to measure the dependent variable in the study . Parental beliefs will be measured using the Parental beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ) developed by Okagaki & Sternberg (1993). PBQ consists of 3 dimensions consisting of 64 items, measuring parental beliefs regarding child rearing, intelligence concepts and educational goals and one part of the question about demographic information.
Data will be analyzed using regression analysis. PBQ and Jr. MAI scores will be calculated and analyzed separately for analysis. In total, the PBQ score will be calculated and linked to the MAI Jr. to see if there is an influence. PBQ dimension dimensions will also be calculated separately and linked to the MAI Jr. to see the effect of each PBQ dimension on children's metacognitive awareness.
Result and conclusion. The expected results are the positive influence of parental beliefs on children's metacognitive awareness. The results and discussions cannot be described in this abstract because they are still in the process of collecting and processing data. Data from incoming questionnaires 70% of the total questionnaires that have been given to research respondents.
Added-Values. Research on the effects of parental beliefs in child rearing, intelligence and educational goals on metacognitive awareness fills a gap of research that links the influence of parental beliefs on the development of children's metacognitive awareness. In addition, this study can also explain how parents perceive children's intelligence and what parents expect of children's learning process in class. In general, this study also tried to measure metacognitive awareness of grade 4 elementary school students attending private schools for people with middle economic status.
Key words : parental beliefs, metacognitive awareness
Word count : 659 words
Cognitive development of children is influenced by their environment, especially values, culture and namely family according to Vygotsky (Fox & Riconscente, 2008) and Bronfrenbrenner (Miller, 2011). Parents are infuenced by the values in their social and culture environment. Parents are one of the factors that influence children's cognitive development in the form of their beliefs and childcare practices. Research into the influence of parental beliefs on children's academic abilities has been widely investigated and has shown positive results (Kim et al., 2017; Aunola et al., 2002; Miller et al. 1991). Much research has been carried out on the importance of children's metacognitive skills (Brown, 1978; Schraw & Dennison, 1994; Garner & Alexander, 1989; Mohtari et al, 2002; Sperling et al, 2002).
This study aims to find the relationship and influence of parents 'beliefs in 3 dimensions, namely child rearing that focuses on autonomy, parents' conception of intelligence, and educational goals (Okagaki & Strenberg, 1993) on children's metacognitive awareness (Sperling, Howard, Miller, & Murphy, 2002). The results of the study are expected to be used to develop learning and care programs that support the improvement of children's metacognitive awareness.
Methods. This research is exploratory with the type of research is non-experimental quantitative with the method of data collection through self-report with a questionnaire. Data were obtained from grade 4 elementary school students (N = 60) and parents of students (N = 60) from private elementary schools with the status of respondents coming from communities with middle to upper economic status. Junior Metacognition Awareness Inventory / Jr.MAI (Sperling et al, 2002) Appendix A for grade 3, 4 and 5 students and consists of 12 items with 3 answer choices (never, sometimes, always) used to measure the dependent variable in the study . Parental beliefs will be measured using the Parental beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ) developed by Okagaki & Sternberg (1993). PBQ consists of 3 dimensions consisting of 64 items, measuring parental beliefs regarding child rearing, intelligence concepts and educational goals and one part of the question about demographic information.
Data will be analyzed using regression analysis. PBQ and Jr. MAI scores will be calculated and analyzed separately for analysis. In total, the PBQ score will be calculated and linked to the MAI Jr. to see if there is an influence. PBQ dimension dimensions will also be calculated separately and linked to the MAI Jr. to see the effect of each PBQ dimension on children's metacognitive awareness.
Result and conclusion. The expected results are the positive influence of parental beliefs on children's metacognitive awareness. The results and discussions cannot be described in this abstract because they are still in the process of collecting and processing data. Data from incoming questionnaires 70% of the total questionnaires that have been given to research respondents.
Added-Values. Research on the effects of parental beliefs in child rearing, intelligence and educational goals on metacognitive awareness fills a gap of research that links the influence of parental beliefs on the development of children's metacognitive awareness. In addition, this study can also explain how parents perceive children's intelligence and what parents expect of children's learning process in class. In general, this study also tried to measure metacognitive awareness of grade 4 elementary school students attending private schools for people with middle economic status.
Key words : parental beliefs, metacognitive awareness
Word count : 659 words
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