The Roles of Family Functioning in Predicting Social Support on Young Adult Drug Addicts Who Undergo Rehabilitation

Kinanti Soca Larashita ^a, Lifina Dewi Pohan ^b, and Indira Primasari ^c.

^a Clinical Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; ^b Clinical Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; ^c Clinical Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

Address:

^a Clinical Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia

Jl. Lkr. Kampus Raya, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, 16424. kinanti396@gmail.com / +62 81510295393.

^b Clinical Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia

Jl. Lkr. Kampus Raya, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, 16424. lifina.dewi@ui.ac.id / +62 217270004.

^c Clinical Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia

Jl. Lkr. Kampus Raya, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, 16424. indira.primasari@gmail.com / +62 217270004.

The Roles of Family Functioning in Predicting Social Support on Young Adult Drug Addicts Who Undergo Rehabilitation

Background. Family can become the risk factor and also the protective factor in drug abuse case and in the process of drug treatment family can also be the booster or the inhibitor of drug recovery. This is related with how the family functioning in daily basis and in stressful situation, like drug addiction. Family functioning consist of six dimensions: problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, and behavior control. Family with effective functioning tends to be supportive over the addict recovery process by giving the social support needed. In example, family with effective communication is easier to deliver their support verbally for the family member who undergoes rehabilitation. In Indonesia, majority of the drug users are in the productive age range, including young adult individuals. Although young adults can already take responsibility for themselves, they still need support from their family so they can be able to develop into a healthy adult. For young adults with drug addiction, family support is important to help them go through recovery program. Currently there is drug rehabilitation program that involve family in the process, however, not so many families are fully participating in the program. From here the question arises to examine which dimensions of family functioning that contribute to predict social support of young adult addicts who are in the process of becoming self-reliant.

Methods. This research is a quantitative research that aims to find out the contribution of dimension of family functioning in predicting social support. To measure family functioning we use Family Assessment Device (FAD) and we use Social Provision Scale (SPS) to measure social support. The participants of this research are 95 residents from a national rehabilitation facility in Indonesia. They are in the age of 18 to 39 years old and are in the primary program of rehabilitation which is the main program of the whole rehabilitation program. The data collection being done directly, face-to-face, by using a questionnaire containing information related to the research, approval or inform consent sheet, the participant's data sheet, also the measurement of family functioning (FAD) and social support (SPS). From the total participant data obtained only 84 participants data that can be used because the other 11 participants did not meet the criteria or did not fill the questionnaire thoroughly. Furthermore, the collected data is processed using multiple regression statistical analysis.

Result. The main results of this study indicate that the dimensions of family functioning are simultaneously insignificant in predicting social support (R = 0,688, p > 0,05) with an Adjusted R² value of 0.432 which means that family functioning contributes to 43.2% of social support variance. Nevertheless, there are two dimensions of family functioning that contribute significantly, they are problem solving (β = 0,256, p < 0,05) and behavior control (β = 0,329, p < 0,05). Then, based on the sub-scale of the general functioning of family functioning, it indicates significance in predicting social support (R = 0.568, p> 0.05) with an Adjusted R² value of 0.315 which means that family functioning in general contribute to 31.5% of the social support variance and indicate that 31.5% of social support variance can be predicted by the general functioning sub-scale of family functioning.

Conclusions. Problem solving dimension, behavior control dimension, and general functioning sub-scale have significant role and contribution in predicting social support for young adult drug addicts undergoing rehabilitation. This result is in line with some previous research and in accordance with the results of informal field observations and interviews indicating that the two dimensions are quite influential on social support of the residents.

Added-Values. The result of this study can provide further information about the impact of family roles on drug addiction treatment, especially in Indonesia. This is because there is not many information regarding this topic that causes the lack of family involvement in supporting the recovery of drug addicts. This research can be used as reference in developing a more comprehensive recovery or rehabilitation program, especially related to family functioning in general as well as family ability in problem solving and behavior control. It can also be used as psycho-education material for addicts and families to prevent the possibility of relapse.

Keywords: family functioning; social support; drug addict