Objective: Postpartum amenorrhea is related to fertility rates by extending the conception period, thus also extending the distance between births. The aim of this study is to investigate the duration of postpartum amenorrhea and the influence of factors related to postpartum amenorrhea duration.

Method: The data used in this study is from Indonesian Demography and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. Total of cases obtained is 4,418 births from women aged 15-49 years old in the period of five years before the survey. Survival analysis then used to determine the median of postpartum amenorrhea duration. Cox Regression is used to analyze the effect of the covariates on the resumption of menstruation.

Result: Median of postpartum amenorrhea in Indonesian women is 2 months. For those who breastfeed (2.5 and 3 months), median of postpartum amenorrhea is longer than those who never breastfeed at all (2 months).  Those who have parity of 3-5 children are 1.26 times riskier to have their menstruation returns compared to those whose parity is less than 3. Hormonal contraceptive use has a higher risk of 1.37 times on the return of menstruation compared to not using any contraceptive method.

Conclusion: Breastfeeding, contraceptive use, and parity significantly affect the resumption of menses, thus also influence the duration of postpartum amenorrhea.

Keywords: postpartum amenorrhea, breastfeeding, survival analysis, parity, contraceptive