The purpose of this research is examine whether CEO overconfidence is associated with real earnings management and indirect association with future performance. CEO overconfidence is measured using three measurements to obtain adequate results. Real earnings management to measures with three proxies are sales manipulation, overproduction and cut budget discretionary expenditure (R&D and Selling, General & Administration Expense). Future performance in this study was measured by return on asset and operating cash flow. The sample of this research is manufacturing company listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange on period 2014 until 2016. The results of this study indicate that CEO overconfidence has no association to the real earnings management. The other results of this study also indicate that CEO overconfidence and real earnings management have a negative impact on the operational performance of the company in the future. However, the results of testing in this study indicate that there is no mediation relationship between CEO overconfidence on the operational performance of the company in the future through real earnings management.